外周可触及肿物的超声鉴别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他发炎.. Urachal Cyst 纤尿管出血A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )纤尿管出血见于纤和膀胱之间，通常坐落于纤尿管的下1/3 ，但也可见于仅坐落于纤下。这些出血可乏善可陈为完全无回声或低回声。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 布11A，纤尿管出血，此出血已受感染，内部含有微弱回声的液体。B，纤尿管出血，紧绷的出血前壁产生光线伪影。

..Endometriosis卵巢内膜甲状腺肿Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).腰椎卵巢内膜甲状腺肿是卵巢移植手术后的长期合并症，无特殊连续性乏善可陈，但可于以前移植手术的瘢痕两处见一渐进肿物，并有震荡的疼痛和溃疡。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 布12 ，剖宫产左眼两处卵巢内膜甲状腺肿

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 腰椎血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).褐直肌鞘血肿可揭开序幕发作连续性呕吐后、喷嚏或癫痫发作后，其根本原因通常是抗凝化疗或出血连续性疾病。由于血肿限制于褐直肌鞘内，通常不不小，其形状根据所两处所在位置而定，在交叉线以上，血肿常为对生，长轴呈上下方向，可于边上见到（布13A）；在交叉线以下，由于褐白线缺如，可扩大行进中线，因此血肿乏善可陈为分叶状，其最大弧度坐落于中点上。在新生儿腰椎血肿可见于纤上横向扩大（布13B、C）。术后不规则连续性静脉内凝血的病人可于腰椎移植手术瘢痕附近见到大的血肿（布13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 布13A，一中年妇女更为严重呕吐后褐直肌鞘血肿，箭头指示褐横筋膜。B，新生儿腰椎血肿。C，一新生儿纤静脉包覆两处前面的腰椎血肿。UV，纤静脉。D，一不规则连续性静脉内凝血的剖宫产术后病人胸部两处腰椎血肿。

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